Weak localization is a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures. The effect manifests itself as a positive correction to the resistivity of a metal or semiconductor. The name emphasizes the fact that weak localization is a precursor of Anderson localization, which occurs at strong disorder.
参考资料：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_localization
https://baike.baidu.com/item/弱局域效应/440033